Makeup Product Guides

47 Best waterline eyeliner in 2023: According to Experts.

Written by Jeff Lampkin

You could get any random waterline eyeliner, but if you’re looking for expert advice on choosing the best one for your needs then you’ve arrived at the right place.

It doesn’t matter what your waterline eyeliner needs are or what your budget is, because I’ve done an in-depth analysis to include the best-rated options suitable for diversified usage needs and different budget ranges.

To make this list, I’ve spent 31 hours researching waterline eyeliner from the best brands such as: URBAN DECAY, URBAN DECAY, Pixi.

Note: Make sure that option you’re choosing has all the features you need. Afterall, is there any point in purchasing something that’s not usable?

47 Best waterline eyeliner in 2023: After 31 Hours of Research

To make this list an unbiased resource for choosing the best waterline eyeliner, I contacted 9 experts and discussed various aspects to consider. After a huge discussion, I went across customer reviews, researched the reputed brands, and a lot of other things. Because my aim is to recommend products that are highly value for your money.

1. Annabelle Waterline Matte Kohl Eyeliner – Blackest Black, 1.2 g -Beauty & Personal Care

By ANNABELLE

  • Define And Enhance: Specifically formulated for use inside the waterline, our long-lasting, waterproof creamy gel formula stays in place for hours and glides on easily; No smudging or flaking
  • Brand Story: Created in 1967, Annabelle Cosmetics develops colorful and cosmopolitan beauty essentials that support a kaleidoscope of cultural diversity, and a vibrant, visionary celebration of humanity
  • Marcelle Group: Discover our four complementary brands; Hypoallergenic and fragrance-free Marcelle, empowering and colorful Annabelle, prestigious and innovative Lise Watier and our men’s line, CW Beggs and Sons
  • Bring Your Beautiful: Annabelle built a reputation for its extraordinary variety of bold shades and nuanced hues, created to inspire women to express their own powerful and colorful sense of personal style
  • Matte Kohl Eyeliner: Illuminate eyes for hours with our matte kohl eyeliner; Use on the waterline to enhance any look, create the appearance of fuller lashes and make your eyes pop

2. Urban Decay 24/7 Waterline Eye Pencil, Legend – Black, Demi-Matte Eyeliner – Long-Lasting, Waterproof Formula -Beauty & Personal Care

By URBAN DECAY

  • FADE TO BLACK – So you can easily tell your 24/7 pencils apart, we gave 24/7 Waterline Eye Pencil a shade-matched ombré gradient that fades to black, with a matte black cap and end.
  • PRO TIP – For upper waterline, start at the outer corner
  • FOR YOUR WATERLINE – Want a liner that’s legit to use anywhere? We specifically developed 24/7 Waterline Eye Pencil for use on the inner rim of the waterline.
  • LONG LASTING – Our creamy, demi-matte eye pencil lays down waterproof color that lasts all day
  • With pressure toward lashes, push your eyelid up as you work with long, gentle strokes
  • Start again at inner corner until the two lines meet.
  • EASY APPLICATION – Even creamier than our original bestselling 24/7 Glide-On Eye Pencil, 24/7 Waterline Eye Pencil’s cruelty-free formula glides on easily without skipping or tugging.
  • Stop 3/4 of the way between outer & inner corner
  • It’s an eyeliner like no other, made without mineral oil, paraffin, or preservatives.

3. VASANTI Kajal Waterline Eyeliner (Black) – Opthalmologist Approved and Tested Long-lasting Waterproof Paraben-Free Eye Makeup -Beauty & Personal Care

By Vasanti Cosmetics

  • NO HARSH CHEMICALS – Our premium black eyeliner is vegan-friendly, never tested on animals, paraben free and gluten-free.
  • Safe to use on delicate eye areas and has been dermatologist and ophthalmologist tested and approved.
  • SAFE FOR SENSITIVE EYES – Our pencil eyeliner is formulated for the most sensitive of eyes to give you comfort without compromising long-wear
  • WATERPROOF AND SMUDGE-PROOF – Instantly defined, youthful and sultry eyes
  • DERMATOLOGIST AND OPTHALMOLOGIST TESTED AND APPROVED – our Kajal Waterline Eyeliner Pencil is safe for sensitive eyes and
  • EASY APPLY – So intense looks similar to a liquid eyeliner with ease of application of a pencil.

4. e.l.f. No Budge Retractable Eyeliner, Creamy & Ultra-Pigmented, Waterproof, Creates Bold & Defined Lines, Black, 0.006 Oz (0.18g) -Beauty & Personal Care

By e.l.f.

  • SKIN-LOVING INGREDIENTS: All e.l.f
  • All e.l.f
  • BEAUTY TIP: Apply all over the eyelid as a base for eyeshadow for an intense, dramatic, runway-inspired look.
  • ALL-DAY WEAR: This product is creamy, ultra-pigmented, and has ultimate waterproof staying power.
  • products are 100% cruelty-free and Vegan.
  • No Budge Retractable Eyeliner is a waterproof, retractable eyeliner that checks all your pencil liner requirements.
  • ULTIMATE EYE PENCIL: The e.l.f
  • INTENSE LOOK: We recommend you use this retractable eyeliner pencil on your lash line, waterline, or all over the lid for intense eyes that last all day.
  • products are made from skin-loving ingredients you want, minus the toxins you don’t—all at good-for-you prices

5. L’Oreal Infallible Pro-Last Waterproof Pencil Eyeliner, Nude 0.042 Ounce (1 Count) -Beauty & Personal Care

By L’Oreal Paris

  • Infallible Pro-last is a sharpenable, pencil eyeliner delivering up to 24 hour wear of rich, creamy, glide-on color
  • Our new Dual Pencil Sharpener is the ideal tool to maintain the sharp and precise tip of your Infallible Pro-Last eyeliners
  • Suitable for use in the waterline or along the top or bottom lash line, Infallible Pro-Last eyeliner glides on easily to create any look
  • The pencil eyeliner delivers intense, smudge-resistant, no budge color in 6 super-lasting and eye-catching shades
  • This waterproof eyeliner locks in color that doesn’t quit, for long-lasting eye makeup looks with no transfer

6. Best Cruelty Free Waterproof Eyeliner Pencil with Sharpener – All Day Smudgeproof Wear – Easy to Use & Perfect Eye Liner for Your Cat Eyes & Waterline – Immovable by Mia Adora Makeup (Black) -Beauty & Personal Care

By MIA ADORA

  • Pencil sharpener included.
  • Smooth glide precision tip easily draws fine, thin, thick – and captivatingly stunning – line strokes on every eye shape
  • WATERPROOF LINER WON’T RUN – We’ve designed our Immovable eyeliner to be super waterproof (and tears-proof!) so that it holds up through the sweat and moisture of hot & rainy weather as well as all the emotional moments from chick flicks, cute puppy videos and during “that” time of the month.
  • Enjoy the absolute best eyeliner with an ultra clean, move-for-nothing foundation.
  • COMBINE WITH OUR 3D FIBER MASCARA – The perfect match to an INCREDIBLE eyeliner is an AMAZING mascara! To benefit from the best possible results, use Immovable in combination with our beautifying 3D Fiber Mascara to bring out the sultry sexiness of your eyes & lashes!
  • EASY APPLICATION – Swoosh! Draw-in precise winged eyeliner detail work and create perfect cat’s eyes every time
  • Darken smoky eyes, brighten up red & tired eyes, make small eyes look bigger and make big eyes appear smaller! With Mia Adora, your professional beauty possibilities are endless.
  • SMUDGE PROOF & BUDGE FREE – Immovable by Mia Adora lives up to its name with infallible, unstoppable color that resists smudging and smearing when you touch or rub your eyes
  • ACCENTUATE YOUR WATERLINE – The waterlines are the areas where your eyelids meet to close your eyes
  • A touch of eyeliner to your waterline is a quick way to add extra allure & definition to your eye makeup

7. Urban Decay 24/7 Glide-On Waterproof Eyeliner Pencil – Long-Lasting – Perversion, Blackest-Black with Matte Finish -Beauty & Personal Care

By URBAN DECAY

  • STAY SHARP – Keep your eyeliner sharp with the Grind House Double Barrel Pencil Sharpener
  • PLAYS WELL WITH OTHERS – Try pairing your cruelty-free 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencil with our Eyeshadow Primer Potion to create a custom cream eyeshadow.
  • MOISTURIZING INGREDIENTS – This eyeliner is made with hydrating ingredients like vitamin E, jojoba oil & cottonseed oil
  • Perversion is the blackest-black with a matte finish.
  • AWARD-WINNING EYELINER – Urban Decay 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencils are award-winning, waterproof eyeliner pencils that deliver intense, long-wearing color that won’t budge.
  • Either way, this eyeliner will dry down into a long-lasting finish for all-day wear.
  • Vitamin E hydrates, moisturizes, and conditions the lash line, while jojoba oil & cottonseed oil condition and soften the skin.
  • Our vibrant, stay-true shades come in five different finishes (matte, cream, shimmer, metallic, glitter)
  • CREAMY, SKIP-FREE FORMULA – Ultra-creamy formula glides on smoothly so you can easily draw a precise line, but stays soft so you can smudge for a smokier look

8. VASANTI Kajal Waterline Eyeliner Pencil – Long-lasting, Waterproof, Smudge-proof, Safe for Sensitive Eyes, Waterline Eye Liner – Opthalmologist Approved and Tested (Rich Brown) -Beauty & Personal Care

By Vasanti Cosmetics

  • SAFE FOR SENSITIVE EYES – Our pencil eyeliner is formulated for the most sensitive of eyes to give you comfort without compromising long-wear
  • Safe to use on delicate eye areas and has been dermatologist and ophthalmologist tested and approved.
  • NO HARSH CHEMICALS – Our premium black eyeliner is vegan-friendly, never tested on animals, paraben free and gluten-free.
  • DERMATOLOGIST AND OPTHALMOLOGIST TESTED AND APPROVED – our Kajal Waterline Eyeliner Pencil is safe for sensitive eyes.
  • WATERPROOF AND SMUDGE-PROOF – Instantly defined, youthful and sultry eyes
  • EASY APPLY – So intense looks similar to a liquid eyeliner with ease of application of a pencil.

9. NYX Waterproof Retractable Eyeliner color MPE02 Black Brand New -Beauty & Personal Care

By NYX

  • NYX COSMETICS WATERPROOF RETRACTABLE EYELINER
  • 100% AUTHENTIC
  • COLOR : MPE02 BLACK

10. VASANTI Kajal Waterline Eyeliner (Slate Grey) – Opthalmologist Approved and Tested Long-lasting Waterproof Paraben-Free Eye Makeup -Eyeliner

By Vasanti Cosmetics

  • Safe to use on delicate eye areas and has been dermatologist and ophthalmologist tested and approved.
  • NO HARSH CHEMICALS – Our premium black eyeliner is vegan-friendly, never tested on animals, paraben free and gluten-free.
  • EASY APPLY – So intense looks similar to a liquid eyeliner with ease of application of a pencil.
  • WATERPROOF AND SMUDGE-PROOF – Instantly defined, youthful and sultry eyes
  • DERMATOLOGIST AND OPTHALMOLOGIST TESTED AND APPROVED – our Kajal Waterline Eyeliner Pencil is safe for sensitive eyes
  • SAFE FOR SENSITIVE EYES – Our pencil eyeliner is formulated for the most sensitive of eyes to give you comfort without compromising long-wear

11. Gel Eye Liner Pencil Set, Kmeamty 12 Colors Retractable Long-Lasting Smooth Waterline Eye Liner Lip Liner Eyeshadow – Vegan, Cruelty Free -Beauty & Personal Care

By Kmeamty

  • Ideal for Many OccasionThe gel liner set which provide you colorful eyes and ideal for many occasions, such as Halloween, Birthday Party, Cosmetic Show, Live Show, Prom Night, Dance Party, and Wedding Makeup
  • Vibrant Colors Available in 12 incredible shades, It’s easy to apply, goes on smooth
  • The eyeliner pen is colorful, mousse texture
  • Perfect gift for girlfriend, mom, friends.
  • They remain “Moist” enough to smudge with your finger or a brush (no filling in to fine lines in lids) yet they do not smudge on their own!
  • Goes on smoothly without skipping or pulling, and lasts all day Pencil
  • Colorful Rotatable & Highly PigmentedContains a creamy formula that delivers rich instance intense high color payoff
  • The eyeliner pen is colorful, mousse texture
  • MultipurposeThe creamy colord eyeliner set can be used not only as an eyeliner, but also as eyeshadows, and even lip liners.
  • The tip of the pen is free of cutting, and the core is rotated, which is very convenient to use.kipping or pulling, and lasts all day
  • Smudgeable They glide on very smoothly with no tugging
  • The tip of the pen is free of cutting, and the core is rotated, which is very convenient to use.

12. ColorStay 2-in-1 Angled Kajal Eyeliner, Waterproof Eye Makeup with Smudge Brush for Smokey Eyes, Onyx (101), 0.01 oz -Beauty & Personal Care

By REVLON

  • #101 Onyx
  • #1 Longwear Brand*
  • Angled tip to create defined lines
  • Waterproof and safe for use on waterline, Ophthalmologist tested
  • Includes smudge brush to create smoky eyes

14. NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP Slide On Pencil, Waterproof Eyeliner Pencil, Pure White -Beauty & Personal Care

By NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP

  • DISCOVER NYX Professional Makeup: Try all of our professional makeup & beauty products! From eye shadows, eyeliners, mascara & pro-level palettes to false lashes, lipstick, foundation, primers, blushes, bronzers, brushes, & more!
  • EASY TO SHARPEN: Slide On Pencils are available in 18 intense shades and are easily sharpened with any small holed eyeliner sharpener.
  • EYE PRODUCTS FOR THE PERFECT POP: Add flawless pops of color and definition with our full line of eye makeup products including professional level eye shadow palettes, false lashes, mascara, eyeliners & eyebrow pencils.
  • EYELINER PENCIL: Soft, smooth and waterproof! This smudge-proof eyeliner pencil delivers high-pigmented color with precise application that performs like a liquid liner, minus the mess!
  • CRUELTY FREE COSMETICS: We believe animals belong in our arms—not in a lab
  • All NYX Professional Makeup products are PETA certified cruelty-free
  • We NEVER test our makeup on animals.

15. NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP Mechanical Eyeliner Pencil, Deep Blue -Beauty & Personal Care

By NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP

  • Smudge Proof and Smooth: This smudge proof eyeliner glides on effortlessly and lasts all day through heat and humidity no sad bleeding eyeliner here; Available in natural to bright shades, any eyeliner look is possible with our Retractable Eye Pencil
  • Discover NYX Professional Makeup: Try all of our professional makeup and beauty products today, from eyeshadow, eyeliner, mascara and false lashes to lipstick, foundation, primer, blush, bronzer, brushes and more
  • All Eyes On Eye Makeup: Complete your look with our full range of NYX Professional Makeup eye makeup products from eyeshadow palettes to mascara, eyeliners, concealers, setting sprays, and eyebrow products
  • Retractable Eye Liner: A line and defined eye is just a twist away with this eyeliner pen; Intense pigment covers like a liquid eyeliner while its creamy formula holds for hours; No need to sharpen just twist up and apply for a winged out eyeliner look
  • Cruelty Free Cosmetics: We believe animals belong in our arms, not in a lab; All of our makeup is certified and acknowledged by PETA as a cruelty free brand; We don’t test any of our products on animals

16. stila Stay All Day Waterproof Liquid Eyeliner, Snow White -Eyeliner

By stila

  • New limited-edition shade
  • Goes on smoothly without skipping or pulling
  • easy glide quick precision liner

17. Rimmel Scandaleyes Waterproof Gel Eye Liner Pencil, Black 001 -Beauty & Personal Care

By Rimmel

  • Ophthalmologist tested
  • High intensity color for an instant color impact
  • Ultra smooth & creamy formula that glides on easily
  • Suitable for contact lens wearers and sensitive eyes
  • Won’t run or smudge from day to night

18. L’Oreal Paris Makeup Infallible Never Fail Original Mechanical Pencil Eyeliner with Built-in Sharpener, Black -Beauty & Personal Care

By L’Oreal Paris

  • Smudge-Proof Eyeliner: This mechanical pencil eyeliner with built-in sharpener is formulated to glide on easily and stay put, delivering long-lasting fade-proof color for up to 16 hours
  • Versatile Eye Looks: Use the built-in smudger and sharpener to create looks for any mood or occasion; The rich and creamy formula glides on easily to create classic to bold eye designs
  • Create Your Perfect Eye Makeup Look: Our Voluminous collection helps you achieve sleek lines with smudge-proof eyeliner, define your brows and discover eyeshadow palettes with shades made for every eye color
  • Because You’re Worth It: Create the look you want with our full line of makeup including foundations, concealers, highlighter makeup, brow pencils, eyeshadow palettes, lipsticks and much more
  • L’Oreal Paris Beauty: A leading total beauty care company based in Paris, we offer innovative products and unique expertise from beauty experts in makeup, skin care, hair care, styling and hair color

19. NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP Epic Wear Liner Stick, Long-Lasting Eyeliner Pencil – Pure White -Beauty & Personal Care

By NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP

  • All Eyes On Eye Makeup: Complete your look with our full range of NYX Professional Makeup eye makeup products from eyeshadow palettes to mascara, eyeliners, concealers, setting sprays, and eyebrow products
  • Cruelty Free Cosmetics: We believe animals belong in our arms, not in a lab; All of our makeup is certified and acknowledged by PETA as a cruelty free brand; We don’t test any of our products on animals
  • 36 Hour Wear: NYX Professional Makeup Epic Wear Liner Sticks are powerfully pigmented eyeliner pencils that deliver 36 hours of waterproof, smudge proof, and fade proof eyeliner color; It’s perfect for waterproof all day and night graphic eyeliner looks
  • Matte Metallic Finished Eyeliners: Our Epic Wear Liner Sticks are powerfully pigmented eyeliner pencils available in metallic matte finished shades; These high impact eyeliner pencils go above and beyond the call for long lasting, bold color
  • Discover NYX Professional Makeup: Try all of our professional makeup and beauty products today, from eyeshadow, eyeliner, mascara and false lashes to lipstick, foundation, primer, blush, bronzer, brushes and more

20. Maybelline TattooStudio Sharpenable Gel Pencil Waterproof Longwear Eyeliner, Deep Onyx, 0.04 oz. -Beauty & Personal Care

By Maybelline New York

  • Create Any Look: Our foundations, bb creams, concealers and highlighters create a perfect canvas; Make eye looks with eyeshadows, brow pencils and eyeliners, and perfect your pout with lipsticks and lip balms
  • Maybelline is the world’s number 1 makeup brand, from foundation to mascara to lipstick; Diverse, on the pulse, inspired by the city and tested on its streets
  • Pigment Rich Definition: This sharpenable eyeliner delivers pigment-rich hues and precise definition; From classic black to bright white and every shade in between, find a perfect shade for your every mood
  • It’s All in the Eyes: Subtle lines, smokey vibes, custom brow looks, classic tones or a shot of color; Our eyeshadow, eyeliner, brows and mascara collections are designed to transform your look
  • Waterproof Eyeliner: Delivering smooth strokes and intense color, this waterproof eyeliner pencil glides on seamlessly for our a smooth finish that lasts for 36 hours with no smudging or fading

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21. Tarte Fake Awake Eye Highlight ‑ LT Beige -Beauty & Personal Care

By Tarte

  • Brighten Open Instant Natural Eyes
  • Long-wear, matte, nude pigment twist-up creamy-gel eyeliner
  • Vegan, Dermatologist tested, Ophthalmologist tested, Safe for contact lens wearers, Cruelty free
  • Inner Rim Brightening Highlighter Eye Highlight Liner

22. 2PCS Black Eyeliner Cream Set, Makeup Eyeliner Pen ADIMANIS Eye Liners for Women Black Radiance Continuous Black Cream Gel Eyeliner Long Lasting Eye-Liner Pencil Waterproof Smudge Proof -Beauty & Personal Care

By ADIMANIS

  • If you are not satisfied and product any problem, please contact the seller directly, we promise to offer resend or refund service.
  • Black Eyeliner Set: Matte colorful liquid eyeliner 2 pcs black
  • Please don’t blink immediately after use, close the lid when not in use
  • Easily remove eyeliner with a makeup remover, it’s clean, and you don’t need to worry about pigmentation.
  • Waterproof Eyeliner Makeup Set: Smudge-Proof smooth eyeliner pen, perfect for parties, dates, dance performances
  • This eyeliner set is also a great gift for friends and girlfriends.
  • Cream Gel Eyeliner Set: Eyeliner is well colored, which can clearly draw the eyeliner makeup and more highlight the beauty of the of the eye makeup
  • Long-Lasting eyeliner It is light in weight and wet in texture, easy to carry and use.
  • Warm Tips And After Sales Service: Eyeliner Cream can be used with an eyeliner brush to draw eyeliner
  • Eye Liners for Women: This set of eyeliner pens can give you a variety of fashionable makeup, show your personality, and can show the different you in life
  • Waterproof and sweat-proof eyeliner eye makeup lasts long and works well, soft eyeliner sealed package for long term use.
  • the nib of eyeliner makeup pen is smooth and can slide easily, then smooth and dry
  • The eyeliner is also very durable

23. Pencil Eyeliner by Revlon, ColorStay Eye Makeup with Built-in Sharpener, Waterproof, Smudgeproof, Longwearing with Ultra-Fine Tip, 201 Black, 0.01 Oz -Beauty & Personal Care

By REVLON

  • VERSATILE LINER LOOKS: Create a multitude of eyeliner looks from defined to dramatic, winged liner, cat eye liner, and more
  • UP TO 24 HOUR WEAR: This REVLON eyeliner stays put for up to 24 hours for bold, smudge-proof looks that stay with you all day
  • LONGWEARING, WATERPROOF EYELINER: Our cult-classic, longwear pencil eyeliner has an updated, waterproof formula that lasts up to 24 hours and has a smooth, creamy glide
  • 10 INTENSE SHADES: Available in 8 ophthalmologist-tested shades that glide on smooth
  • BUILT-IN SHARPENER: Includes built-in sharpener to get sharp, precise lines and built-in smudger to blend and soften color for a smoldering, smoky eye look

24. NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP Faux Whites Eye Brightener, Eyeliner Pencil – Vanilla (Beige With Peach Undertones) -Beauty & Personal Care

By NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP

  • Discover NYX Professional Makeup: Try all of our professional makeup and beauty products today, from eyeshadow, eyeliner, mascara and false lashes to lipstick, foundation, primer, blush, bronzer, brushes and more
  • All Eyes On Eye Makeup: Complete your look with our full range of NYX Professional Makeup eye makeup products from eyeshadow palettes to mascara, eyeliners, concealers, setting sprays, and eyebrow products
  • Cruelty Free Cosmetics: We believe animals belong in our arms, not in a lab; All of our makeup is certified and acknowledged by PETA as a cruelty free brand; We don’t test any of our products on animals
  • For Brighter Eyes: This creamy pastel eyeliner color glides on velvety soft and provides a matte finish; Apply these eyeliners to your water lines for an instantly brighter looking eye makeup look; Sharpen as needed with a small hole sharpener
  • Pastel Eyeliner Pencils: Brighten up those beautiful eyes; NYX Professional Makeup Faux Whites Eye Brightener collection of eyeliner pencils features a variety of white liners with a delicate hint of color from blush to lavender, and mint

25. Wet n Wild Mega Last Breakup-Proof Retractable Eyeliner, Black, 0.008 Ounce (Pack of 1) -Beauty & Personal Care

By Wet n Wild

  • Stay Wild: We are the trusted beauty destination for beauty lovers of all ages, ethnicities, skin colors, and economic statuses
  • You’ve met your true makeup match
  • Always Cruelty Free: We are 100% cruelty free and always have been! We also carry vegan makeup & tools such as foundation, nail polish, contour palettes, lipstick, makeup brushes and more
  • Create bold looks effortlessly with the intense color rich formula
  • Lasts up to 16 hours
  • Best Face Forward: From bronzer and blush to primer, highlighter, natural finish powder, and concealer, we’ve got you covered and photo ready for your next big thing
  • All Eyes On You: Our silky, waterproof retractable gel eyeliner is lightweight, comfortable, and ultra long lasting
  • Waterproof Eyeliner: This ultra pigmented eyeliner delivers smudge proof, flake proof, cry proof color with a satin gel formula that glides onto lids without tugging or pulling
  • No matter who or where you are in life, we have a product for you

26. Urban Decay Eye Makeup Set – Perversion Volumizing Mascara + 24/7 Glide-On Waterproof Eyeliner Pencil (Sabbath – Deep Navy, Matte Finish) -Beauty & Personal Care

By URBAN DECAY

  • PLAYS WELL WITH OTHERS – Try pairing your cruelty-free 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencil with our Eyeshadow Primer Potion to create a custom cream eyeshadow.
  • MASCARA & EYELINER DUO – Complete the ultimate eye look with this Urban Decay makeup set
  • It’s the purest, deepest, most intense black color imaginable.
  • Includes Perversion Volumizing Mascara in Intense Black and a 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencil in Sabbath, which is deep navy with a matte finish.
  • PRO TIP – Coat your lashes with Subversion Lash Primer before layering on Perversion Volumizing Mascara for a bold, false-lash look.
  • AWARD-WINNING EYELINER – 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencils are award-winning waterproof eyeliner pencils that deliver intense, long-wearing color that won’t budge.
  • BIGGER, BADDER LASHES – Perversion Volumizing Mascara is a hyper-pigmented, volumizing, and lengthening mascara that delivers feathery, fanned-out lashes

27. NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP Epic Ink Liner, Waterproof Liquid Eyeliner – Black (Pack Of 2), Vegan Formula -Eyeliner

By NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP

  • Precise Tip: Our ultra precise tip is flexible and Easy to Use; Every stroke is unbelievably fluid for a defined finish; Control the thickness of your lines by pressing down just a touch; Fine and natural, broad and bold, the look is always up to you
  • Discover NYX Professional Makeup: Try all of our professional makeup and beauty products today, from eyeshadow, eyeliner, mascara and false lashes to lipstick, foundation, primer, blush, bronzer, brushes and more
  • All Eyes On Eye Makeup: Complete your look with our full range of NYX Professional Makeup eye makeup products from eyeshadow palettes to mascara, eyeliners, concealers, setting sprays, and eyebrow products
  • Cruelty Free Cosmetics: We believe animals belong in our arms, not in a lab; All of our makeup is certified and acknowledged by PETA as a cruelty free brand; We don’t test any of our products on animals
  • Waterproof Liquid Eyeliner: Get the perfect long lasting cat eye look with NYX Professional Makeup Epic Ink eyeliner

28. Julep Eyeshadow 101 Crème to Powder Waterproof Eyeshadow Stick, Champagne Shimmer -Beauty & Personal Care

By Julep

  • For best results, prime the smudger by coating it with color prior to use.
  • With smooth application, a built-in smudger for effortless blending, and a waterproof powder finish, you don’t need a brush to get the look you love.
  • Use the built-in smudger or your fingers to blend before the formula sets
  • CREME-TO-POWDER WATERPROOF EYESHADOW: This waterproof, crème-to-powder eyeshadow stick glides effortlessly across lids before drying to a waterproof crease-proof powder finish.
  • With over 30 high-pigmented shades from Matte, Shimmer, and Metallic, you can build your own eyeshadow palette and go as understated or bold as the day (or night) calls for.
  • NATURALLY EFFECTIVE INGREDIENTS VITAMIN C & E: This cream-to-powder eyeshadow stick does double-duty, thanks to the hydrating, nourishing formula with vitamin C & E
  • HIGHLY PIGMENTED EYESHADOW CHAMPAGNE SHIMMER: shimmery medium golden-beige.Treat yourself to champagne with our shimmer eyeshadow in medium golden-beige
  • Delicate sensitive skin will love the vitamin E that protects against free radicals with antioxidants, and the vitamin C, which treats environmental damage to improve skin tone and texture
  • HOW TO APPLY: Prime the smudger by coating it with color, then sweep the eyeshadow stick directly across your eyelids
  • NO BRUSH REQUIRED: Just glide and go
  • And candelilla wax makes every shade easy to blend, naturally.

29. Urban Decay Super-Size 24/7 Glide-On Waterproof Eyeliner Pencil Set, Bold – Pack of 3 Including Perversion (Blackest-Black), Corrupt (Dark Metallic Reddish Brown) & Rockstar (Darkest Eggplant) -Beauty & Personal Care

By URBAN DECAY

  • PLAYS WELL WITH OTHERS – Try pairing your cruelty-free 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencil with our Eyeshadow Primer Potion to create a custom cream eyeshadow.
  • SUPER-SIZE SET – Includes three 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencils: Perversion (Blackest-Black with Matte Finish), Corrupt (Dark Metallic Reddish Brown with Silver Micro-Sparkle & Shimmer Finish) & Rockstar (Darkest Eggplant with Shimmer Finish)
  • CREAMY, SKIP-FREE FORMULA – Ultra-creamy formula glides on smoothly so you can easily draw a precise line, but stays soft so you can smudge for a smokier look
  • MOISTURIZING INGREDIENTS – This eyeliner is made with hydrating ingredients like vitamin E, jojoba oil & cottonseed oil
  • AWARD-WINNING EYELINER – Urban Decay 24/7 Glide-On Eyeliner Pencils are award-winning waterproof eyeliner pencils that deliver intense, long-wearing color that won’t budge.
  • Either way, this eyeliner will dry down into a long-lasting finish for all-day wear.
  • Vitamin E hydrates, moisturizes, and conditions the lash line, while jojoba oil & cottonseed oil condition and soften the skin.

30. Tarte Sex Kitten Eyeliner -Black -Waterproof Gel Eyeliner -Beauty & Personal Care

By Tarte

  • Tarte Sex Kitten Eyeliner -Black -Waterproof Gel Eyeliner

31. Neutrogena Intense Gel Eyeliner with Antioxidant Vitamin E, Smudge- & Water-Resistant Eyeliner Makeup for Precision Application, Jet Black, 0.004 oz -Beauty & Personal Care

By Neutrogena

  • Neutrogena Intense Gel Eyeliner in Jet Black is highly pigmented, for solid lash lines that won’t crack or melt
  • Formulated with the antioxidant Vitamin E this black gel eyeliner is smudgeable for the first 30 seconds, then dries to a smudge-resistant line that doesn’t flake or fade
  • This gel eyeliner helps eyes pop and seem larger and is the perfect addition to your daily beauty routine
  • Dermatologist tested, the eye makeup is gentle and water resistant, which makes it ideal for exact waterline application
  • The precise eyeliner is quick and easy to apply on lash lines with an applicator that provides an even line in just one stroke

32. NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP Jumbo Eye Pencil, Eyeshadow & Eyeliner Pencil – Milk (Packaging May Vary) -Beauty & Personal Care

By NYX PROFESSIONAL MAKEUP

  • Eyeliner Crayon: This blendable radiant eyeliner crayon is a total triple threat; Use your Jumbo Eyeliner Pencil as a creamy eyeshadow, eyeliner and highlighter; Apply it to your water lines, inner corners and entire eye lid for a pop of intense color
  • Discover NYX Professional Makeup: Try all of our professional makeup and beauty products today, from eyeshadow, eyeliner, mascara and false lashes to lipstick, foundation, primer, blush, bronzer, brushes and more
  • All Eyes On Eye Makeup: Complete your look with our full range of NYX Professional Makeup eye makeup products from eyeshadow palettes to mascara, eyeliners, concealers, setting sprays, and eyebrow products
  • Smooth and Versatile: This creamy eye liner pencil glides on effortlessly, no pulling, tugging or fading; Apply it as an eyeshadow, highlighter, or eyeliner and choose from a rainbow of vivid hues in multiple finishes from matte to metallic
  • Cruelty Free Cosmetics: We believe animals belong in our arms, not in a lab; All of our makeup is certified and acknowledged by PETA as a cruelty free brand; We don’t test any of our products on animals

33. When Pencil Met Gel All-Day Waterproof Eyeliner, Rich Brown Matte -Beauty & Personal Care

By Julep

  • FORMULATED WITH EXTRA-FINELY MILLED PIGMENTS FOR INTENSE, SATURATED COLOR PAYOFF: Choose from a variety of colors—whether you opt for a shimmery neutral shade or the boldest black, the result will stay flawless
  • Black, neutral, or color eyeliner, shimmery or matte—whatever you choose, it’ll go on gently and smoothly without tugging or hurting.
  • MATTE & SHIMMER FINISHES: Available in a mix of matte and shimmery shades, the tug-free formula sets quickly, delivers vibrant color, and lasts 10+ hours
  • Choose from a variety of matte and shimmery shades, from black and neutrals to purple and blue eyeliner.
  • Whatever you choose, you’ll get vibrant, waterproof color that goes on smooth and tug-free on your top or bottom lash line, or waterline, and lasts 10+ hours, thanks to the special wax blend and high-performance polymers.
  • Meanwhile, the high-performance polymers mean this gel eyeliner is ready to keep up with you all day, staying put for 10+ hours without fading
  • OPTHALMOLOGIST TESTED 10+ HOUR WEAR: The budge-proof, waterproof gel eyeliner pencil and lasts for 10+ hours wax blend makes it easy to glide on the top or bottom lash line without hurting, tugging, or skipping
  • WATERPROOF GEL EYELINER PENCIL RICH BROWN MATTE: True Brown MatteThis budge-proof will stay put for 10+ hours on your top or bottom lash line and is safe for waterlines.
  • SMUDGE-PROOF & SMOOTH APPLICATION: Glide this gel eyeliner pencil effortlessly and gently along your top or bottom lash line—it’s safe for the waterline

34. 20 Colors Waterproof Eyeliner Set, Matte Colored Eyeliners Pearl Color Eyeliner Kit, Metallic Eyeliner Pencil Glitter Eyeliner Makeup Twist-up Eye Liners for Women, Eye Makeup Set Colorful Eyeliner -Beauty & Personal Care

By Aike Home

  • The colorful eye liners glide on smoothly, no tugging or pulling
  • VIBRANT COLORS EYELINER SET (20 shades of matte & metallic shimmer finish) – Pink(matte), Rose Red(matte), Red(matte), Dark Red(matte), Yellow(matte), Orange(matte), Greenish Blue(matte), Baby Blue(matte), Lavender(matte), Purple(matte), Green(matte), White(matte), Silver(metallic), Gold(metallic), Brown(metallic), Dark Red(metallic), Dark Purple(metallic), Navy Blue(metallic), Teal(metallic), Black(metallic).
  • PERFECT GIFT FOR LADIES / GIRLFRIEND / WIFE: 20 colors rainbow colorful brighten pigments creme gel eyeliners is ideal for party, cosmetic show, live show, prom night, dance party, wedding makeup and daily makeup, making you be the eye-catcher in every occasion
  • TWIST-UP EYE LINERS & EASY TO REMOVE: They are twist-up, no sharpener needed
  • Highly pigmented formula and great staying power, no fading, water tight, sweat proof, no smudge
  • Quickly dry, waterproof, highly pigmented formula, easy to apply and colored, natural and comfortable formula that be glides on smoothly, high precision tip that draw sharp line, intense coloring
  • Easily to remove eyeliner with warm water or makeup remover, fast and clean, never worry about pigmentation
  • With unique package, it would be the perfect gift to your girlfriends, bestie, wife, lover.
  • WATERPROOF & SMUDGEPROOFThe eyeliner pencil set is waterproof, does not smudge, and lasts longer
  • Does not go away with tears, eye drops, water, sweat
  • It allows you to create dense feline flicks or finely defined lines to deepen your eyes.
  • TIPS: Please do not blink eyes immediately after use, wait 2-3 minutes for it to dry, and then the colored liner will lasts all day wearing.
  • The texture is easy to glid when using, has a creamy texture, can be blended, and will not stain
  • PEARL/METALLIC and MATTE FINISH The waterproof creamy gel eyeliner set contains pearlescent and matte colors, perfect for smoky effects and dramatic appearance
  • It really does stick without sliding or flaking until you wash it off, stays all day wear perfectly.

35. Rimmel Exaggerate Eye Definer, Blackest Black, 1 Count, Waterproof Long Lasting Easy Twist Up Self-Sharpening Eye Color Pencil -Beauty & Personal Care

By Rimmel

  • High precision lines and subtle blending create strong and sexy eyes
  • Intensely pigmented shades give a creamy matte to high metallic finish
  • Waterproof and colour-intense formula
  • It’s a high impact eyeliner pencil that includes a built-in smudger and sharpener
  • Upto 10 hours long-lasting wear

38. stila Smudge Stick Waterproof Eye Liner -Eyeliner

By stila

  • It will make your eyes bigger
  • Staying power
  • Sharpen up

39. Marcelle Forever Sharp Waterproof Kohl Eyeliner, White, Hypoallergenic and Fragrance-Free, 0;25 g, 0;008 oz -Beauty & Personal Care

By MARCELLE

  • Beauty Without Compromise: Marcelle has been manufacturing quality skin care and cosmetics for over 100 years; All of our products are hypoallergenic, dermatologist-tested, and fragrance free
  • All Eyes On You: From our collection of eyeshadow palettes, mascara and eyeliners, to our brow gels and eye primers, we have everything you need to keep all eyes on you
  • Kohl Eyeliner: Say goodbye to sharpeners! Integrated sharpener inside cap makes this self-sharpening eyeliner ensure a perfectly precise tip every time; Liner pencil provides high coverage and intense color
  • Brand Story: Founded in 1874, Marcelle delivers hypoallergenic, fragrance-free and dermatologist tested products; Our brand is synonymous with skin health without sacrificing the glamorous side of beauty
  • Long-Lasting: This waterproof eye color pencil is resistant to tears, heat and humidity; This liner stays put all day, but comes off easily with any Marcelle eye makeup remover; Hypoallergenic and fragrance-free

40. iMethod Eyeliner Stamp – 2023 NEW 2 Pens Winged Eyeliner Stamp, for All Eye Shapes, Winged Eyeliner Stamp, Perfect Wing Cat Eye Liner, Waterproof & Smudge-proof, 10 mm -Beauty & Personal Care

By iMethod

  • Symmetrical wing stamper for eyeliner creates perfectly symmetrical shapes.
  • It’s not just how easy to use it is either, the tool works SO well!
  • It does not need re-touching throughout the day and evening.
  • IDEA GIFT FOR HER – All is love, so let’s share it! iMethod Eyeliner Stamp is the perfect gift for all women in your life who love makeup.
  • The other one does the right
  • The eye liner liquid pen is well inked and well pigmented
  • JUST STAMP AND LINE! WINGS SO EASY! – Do you love a perfect wing but get stressed when doing it? iMethod Beauty 2023 NEW Winged Eyeliner Stamp is literally a dream tool for you
  • FOR ALL AGES AND ALL EYE SHAPES – iMethod Eyeliner Stamp is a double-sided wing stamp, a wing stamp on one end and a fine liner on the other
  • STAY ALL DAY – The formula is long-lasting, waterproof and smudge-proof
  • PERFECT SYMMETRICAL WING EYELINER – Each set contains 2 wing eyeliners
  • The NEW stamp shape makes achieving the perfect cat eye for anyone including with hooded eyes.
  • One does the left eye

Related Posts :

41. Lord & Berry SILK KAJAL Kohl Eyeliner Pencil, Long Lasting Eye Makeup With Smudgeable Semi-Matte Finish, Nude -Eyeliner

By Lord&Berry

  • Highlights the color of the iris and dramatizes the eyes
  • Light vegetable oils add glide and natural sheen
  • Adapted and safe to use on the inside of the lid and inner eye rim
  • Easy, blendable formula with a semi-matte finish
  • Extremely comfortable and suitable for the most sensitive eyes
  • Kamal and kohl pigments deliver a rich color payoff

42. 15 Colorful Eyeliner Pen Set, Eye Shadow Pencil, Pearl Eyeliner Kit Metallic Eyeliner Pencil Glitter Eyeliner for Women Eye&Lip Liner Professional Eye Makeup Set Colorful Eyeliner Eye Color -Beauty & Personal Care

By LemonSac

  • Pearl and MatteThe eyeliner set has pearlescent and matte colors, perfect for smoky effects and dramatic appearance
  • It lets in you to create dense feline flicks or finely defined lines to deepen your eyes.
  • Multi-Function Makeup PenThis eye make-up tool can be used an superb eyeliner, as well as an eyeshadow pen or highlighter
  • Waterproof without BloomingThis eyeliner is Waterproof & Smudge-proof, sweat proof, no smudge., does not smudge, and lasts longer
  • With unique package, would be the perfect gift to your friends, bestie, families.
  • The surprising eye makeup effects is fashionable and advanced.
  • Usage& Occasions15 different Colorful Eye Liner, ideal for Party, Cosmetic Show, Live Show, Prom Night, Dance Party, and Wedding Makeup
  • Super Value PackingThe eyeliner set contains 15 different colors, which can help you design different charms you more Charming
  • Versatile design saves storage space and time of makeup for traveling.
  • The texture is easy to slip when used, has a creamy texture, can be blended, and will not stain.

43. Pixi by Petra Eye Define Waterline Tightline Black 0092 -Eyeliner

By Pixi

  • Paraben free Not tested on animals
  • Adds definition that lasts all day
  • Retractable waterproof slim liner with intense, no-smudge colour payoff & gentle application
  • Use on inner, upper lash line for maximum eye definition!
  • Ophthalmologically tested & approved for water line use

44. Almay AllDay Intense Gel Eyeliner Longlasting Waterproof FadeProof Creamy HighPerforming EasytoSharpen Liner Pencil,110 RICH BLACK, 0.028 Ounce -Beauty & Personal Care

By Almay

  • FORMULATED WITHOUT: Parabens, phthalates, SLS, mineral oil, DMDM Hydantoin, formaldehydes, and Triclosan
  • INTENSE EYELINER: Experience intense color of a liquid eyeliner in a sustainable pencil with a built in sharpener for convenience; available in six shades
  • EFFORTLESS AND LONGWEARING: The smooth, creamy, fade-proof, waterproof formula easily glides onto lids (without skipping or tugging), laying down bold color that lasts up to 24 hours
  • SUITABLE FOR SENSITIVE EYES: As part of the Almay promise, this product is hypoallergenic and ophthalmologist tested as well as clean, cruelty free, and fragrance free; it is also suitable for sensitive eyes, contact lens wearers
  • SUSTAINABLE FORWARD: Because we care about the environment as much as we care about your delicate eyes, the barrel of this EWG verified pencil is made from 85% recycled paper

45. COOSA Waterproof Eye Liner Pencil Set 20 Colors Natural Matte Long Lasting Eyeliners Eye Makeup Pencils,Easy Apply Colored Eyeliner Retractable Eye Makeup Liners and Shadow Pencil for Women -Beauty & Personal Care

By Coosa

  • Perfect Eyeliner Gift Set 20pcs different colors are bright but not dim.Eyeliner pencils with 20 colors, save your money from buying individually.You can use them not only as eyeliner, but to fill in your lips for beautiful matte look
  • Highly pigmented Highly pigmented pearlescent and matte eyeliner gel pen,draw the super thin or thick and bold or ever spot-apply with ease.
  • Easy to Apply and Remove Easily to remove with makeup remover, fast and clean,never worry about pigmentation.Also can remover with warm water,then gently clean with cleansing oil.
  • Waterproof & Long lasting Eyeliner Set Waterproof and sweat resistant lasts for 12 hours.Keep you radiant throughout the day and create charming eyes.
  • Besides, they can be also used for eyebrows (or as eye shadow pencil) too.And the beautiful packaging is suitable for personal use and is given as a gift.Give to friends and family as a gift during the holiday!
  • Ideal for Many Occasion The quality is supply comfortable,smooth gel eyeliner,leaving you to create freely.It’s smooth, suitable for all seasons makeup,20 different colors to meet the needs of different makeup.perfect for various occasions, such as dates, parties, weddings, bars, dance parties, camping, office or daily makeup.

46. Rimmel Scandal Eyes Waterproof Kohl Eyeliner ~ Nude 005 by RIMMEL BEAUTY -Eyeliner

By Rimmel

  • Scandal Eyes Waterproof Kohl Eyeliner by Rimmel London
  • Ultra smooth & creamy formula
  • Smudge-proof and waterproof
  • High intensity pigments

47. L’Oreal Paris Makeup Voluminous Smoldering Pencil Eyeliner with Custom Sharpener, Kajal Inspired and Richly Intense, Black, 2 Count -Beauty & Personal Care

By L’Oreal Paris

  • The custom sharpener is included with the eyeliner to preserve the kajal tip which allows for optimal contouring of the eyes
  • Creates a classic, bold or trendy cat-eye liner look with unique conical tip creates an easy glide for an effortless eye makeup look
  • Voluminous Smoldering Eyeliner is a smooth glide kajal eyeliner for a smoldering eye look that delivers stunning eye definition
  • Dare to go from exotic to everyday eye looks, perfect to pair with Voluminous Original Carbon Black Mascara for ultimate impact
  • Voluminous Smoldering Eyeliner is bold, blendable and richly intense – Also available in deep shades

Best Brands

Buying a product from a reputable manufacturer that provides high brand value is one of the most essential things. Based on my research, here are the top brands that make the best waterline eyeliner.

  • ANNABELLE
  • URBAN DECAY
  • Vasanti Cosmetics
  • e.l.f.
  • L’Oreal Paris
  • MIA ADORA
  • NYX
  • Kmeamty
  • REVLON
  • Palladio

The Buyer’s Guide

Although the aim of this list is to help you choose the best option for your needs. This guide shall help you make an informed purchase decision. Here are the few things to consider when choosing a waterline eyeliner.

1. Features

There’s no point in purchasing a waterline eyeliner that doesn’t solve your usage needs. Sometimes, even the best option wouldn’t have all the options you’d need. That’s why list down all your feature requirements and make sure that the option you’ve chosen comes with all of them.

2. Budget

Budget plays an important role, if it wasn’t for the budget, wouldn’t everyone purchase the most expensive option? However, before you decide the budget, I’d recommend you to make a list of features you’d need. In case a feature you need the most isn’t available in your budget range, then there’s no point in buying it, is there?

My advice is to make sure that the product has all the features you need then decide the budget. If a product you’ve chosen isn’t having all the features you need, then you should consider increasing your budget.

3. Value For Money

There are times when you shall come across various waterline eyeliner that shall have all the features you need. However, the price difference shall exist. In a situation like this, it is recommended to value each feature and make sure that you’re not overpaying for a feature you wouldn’t use.

4. Brand, Customer Support, & Warranty

Purchasing a product from a reputed brand is very important. Not only does it guarantee high-quality build, but you also get much better customer support.

You should also make sure that it has a decent warranty, it is really helpful in case a product breaks down due to manufacturing defects. Also, repairs during warranty are generally free of cost (depends on service terms).

5. Individual Product Reviews

You don’t have to watch individual reviews of each waterline eyeliner in this list. However, pick 2-3 options that have all the technical aspects according to your usage needs. Once you’re ready with it, go to YouTube/Amazon and look at video/customer reviews to make sure that the existing buyers are satisfied with the product.

The FAQs

Which is the best waterline eyeliner?

According to my research, the Urban Decay Super-Size 24/7 Glide-On Waterproof Eyeliner Pencil Set, Bold – Pack of 3 Including Perversion (Blackest-Black), Corrupt (Dark Metallic Reddish Brown) & Rockstar (Darkest Eggplant) is the best option.

Is URBAN DECAY a reliable brand?

It’s one of the best brands, not only does it make the top-rated waterline eyeliner, but it also is known for its exceptional service.

Which is the cheapest yet powerful waterline eyeliner?

According to me, the VASANTI Kajal Waterline Eyeliner (Slate Grey) – Opthalmologist Approved and Tested Long-lasting Waterproof Paraben-Free Eye Makeup is one of the cheapest options available and yet has all the features.

Are there deals going on?

A few of the options in our article are currently available for a discounted price. However, check out the product listing to find more information.

What brands should I consider when purchasing?

Based on my research, these are the top 5 brands: URBAN DECAY, URBAN DECAY, Pixi, stila, and URBAN DECAY.

Should I buy it online or go to an offline store?

Shopping online comes with a few advantages such as discounted pricing, quick delivery at home. However, if you’re in a hurry or can find the product for a cheaper price in the offline market, consider visiting the offline store.

The Verdict

Choosing the right product isn’t easy and for many of them it could be a time consuming task. However, with this guide, my aim is to help you guys find the perfect waterline eyeliner for your needs.

I’ve done a huge research to ensure that options I’ve listed are among the best. Like mentioned above, I also interviewed many experts to make sure that the enlisted models are high quality.

I hope that you’re able to find the right waterline eyeliner for your usage. If you are still struggling to find one, feel free to comment below or contact me.

About the author

Jeff Lampkin

Jeff Lampkin was the first writer to have joined gamepolar.com. He has since then inculcated very effective writing and reviewing culture at GamePolar which rivals have found impossible to imitate. His approach has been to work on the basics while the whole world was focusing on the superstructures.